3.1 TRANSPORTER AUTHORISATIONS

• Commercial movements of animals over 65 km require transporter authorisation.
• Type 1 Short Journey Authorisation: journeys not exceeding 8 hours.
• Type 2 Long Journey Authorisation: journeys that may exceed 8 hours.
• Applicants must have no relevant animal-welfare cautions or convictions during the previous 3 years, according to the training material.
• Authorisations are issued for renewable periods of 5 years.

3.2 VEHICLES

• Livestock vehicles must meet general standards for journeys up to 8 hours and higher standards for longer journeys.
• Higher-standard vehicles may require insulated roofs, temperature monitoring, satellite navigation and tracking systems.
• Vehicles used on journeys exceeding 8 hours should be inspected and certified by DEFRA-appointed bodies.
• UK journeys up to 12 hours have the source's stated exemption from temperature monitoring, satellite navigation and related equipment requirements.
• Vehicles used for journeys exceeding 8 hours still require inspection/approval; international journeys over 8 hours require the additional equipment.
• All livestock vehicles must be cleaned and disinfected before animals are loaded and no more than 24 hours after the journey.

3.3 DOCUMENTATION

• An Animal Transport Certificate (ATC) is required for each livestock movement covered by the training material.
• ATC records origin/ownership, departure and destination, departure date/time and expected journey duration.
• There is no prescribed ATC format; suitable delivery documentation may contain the required information.
• The ATC must be carried on the vehicle, produced to inspectors when requested and retained by the transporter for at least 6 months.
• For international journeys of horses, cattle, sheep, pigs or goats over 8 hours, a Journey Log (WIT17) is required.
• The first part of the Journey Log must be submitted for approval before the journey.
• The completed log accompanies the animals, is completed by the driver and returned to the Welfare in Transport Team within one month.
• A copy must be retained for at least 6 months.

3.4 FEEDING, WATERING AND REST PERIODS

• Cattle, sheep and goats: maximum 14 hours, then at least 1 hour rest with water and, if necessary, food, followed by another 14 hours.
• Horses: maximum 24 hours, with water and, if necessary, food every 8 hours.
• Pigs: maximum 24 hours if offered water regularly and given adequate opportunity to drink.
• Animals must be transported without undue delay.
• Journey time runs from loading of the first animal to unloading of the last animal at the final destination.

3.5 INTERNATIONAL CARRIAGE OF LIVESTOCK

• UK-issued transporter authorisations, certificates of competence and vehicle approval certificates are no longer valid for use in the EU, according to the source.

3.5.1 Transporter Authorisation

• To transport live animals into the EU, apply to an EU Member State for transporter authorisation.
• An operator can hold authorisation in only one Member State.
• Representation is required in the relevant Member State; the source recommends contacting the competent authority, obtaining specific legal advice and consulting the relevant trade organisation.

3.5.2 Export Health Certificate (EHC)

• An EHC confirms that an export meets the destination country's health requirements.
• An EHC is required for live animals or animal products moving from Great Britain to the EU, non-EU countries or Northern Ireland.
• A transit EHC is also required when transiting through an EU country.

3.5.3 Journey Logs

• Two journey logs are required and must be retained for 6 months: one approved by the first EU Member State of entry and one approved by APHA (or DAERA where the journey originates in Northern Ireland).

3.5.4 Documentation and Record Keeping

• Required documents include transporter authorisation, certificate of competence and vehicle approval certificate.
• GB-issued authorisations/certificates can be used in Northern Ireland, according to the source.
• A register of vehicles used for such transport must be kept for at least 3 years.
• The register includes pickup and delivery places/dates, holding/assembly centre and consignee details, species and number of animals, disinfection dates and health-certificate identifiers.

3.6 TRAINING

• Commercial livestock movements over 65 km require the driver or attendant to hold a certificate of competence relevant to the animals.
• For journeys up to 8 hours, knowledge-based theory testing is sufficient.
• For journeys over 8 hours, assessment also includes driving and practical animal-handling skills.