← Lessons 29-Incoterms and Frontier Crossings
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1. INTRODUCTION 2. INCOTERMS 3. THE SCHENGEN AGREEMENT 4. PASSPORT AND VISA REQUIREMENTS 5. IMMIGRATION CONTROLS 6. PHYTOSANITARY REQUIREMENTS 7. TUNNELS 8. Quick Exam Numbers / Facts – Memorise These 9. Final Memory Checklist

3. THE SCHENGEN AGREEMENT

  • The history of Schengen goes back to the 1980s, when several European states considered free movement of citizens alongside the single market.
  • In 1985, five countries signed the first agreement:
    • France
    • Germany
    • Belgium
    • Luxembourg
    • The Netherlands.
  • The agreement aimed to create an area without internal borders and end border checks within the area.
  • The source states that citizens living outside the EU but temporarily residing and working in an EU country under a visa agreement may additionally require a Schengen Visa to travel to other EU Member States.
  • The source lists 22 EU participating countries:
  • Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden.
  • The source states that the UK and Republic of Ireland had not signed the agreement, citing security concerns.
  • Four non-EU states are listed as signatories:
  • Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland.
  • The source therefore gives a total of 26 participating countries at the time of publication.