Mandatory Application: The convention applies automatically to any contract for the carriage of goods by road in vehicles for reward, provided that the place of taking over the goods and the place designated for delivery are situated in two different countries, of which at least one is a contracting country.

⚬ Exclusions: The CMR does not apply to postal traffic, transport of funeral consignments (deceased bodies), or furniture removal transport (relocation services).

⚬ Mixed Transport: If a vehicle carrying goods is shipped across water, rail, or air without the goods being unloaded (e.g., roll-on/roll-off ferries), the CMR still applies to the entire journey, though specific liability adjustments can apply if damage occurs during the non-road segment.